Group Work vs. Cooperative LearningCooperative learning occurs as small groups are formed to promote students working together in order to maximize their own and each other's learning (Johnson, et al., 2008). Simply putting students in groups to learn would be group work. There are five characteristics that identify cooperative learning: Positive interdependence, Individual accountability, Face-to-face (promotive) interaction, Interpersonal social skills, and Group processing (Johnson, et. al., 2006). Similarly, Kagan (2011) has coined the acronym PIES to denote the key elements of positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction. For cooperative learning to be effective, teachers must structure cooperative interdependence among the students. Teachers should begin by modeling how to work in groups in order to promote interdependence along with individual responsibility within a group. According to the Bridging Cultures Project (Rothstein & Trumbull, 2009), the collectivist classroom approach will foster a community of learners that share common academic goals, as well as values. Cooperative group work allows students to recognize that their individual contributions (individualism) impact the well-being of the entire group (collectivism). An interdependent group relies on individual responsibility. Cooperative learning groups require individual accountability and peer collaboration, while fostering positive interdependence. ReferencesJohnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., and Holubec, E.J. (2008). Cooperation in the classroom (8th edition). Edina, MN: Interaction.
Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., and Smith, K.A. (2006). Active learning: Cooperation in the university classroom (3rd edition). Edina, MN: Interaction. Kagan, S. The "P" and "I" of PIES: Powerful Principles for Success. San Clemente, CA: Kagan Publishing. Kagan Online Magazine, Fall/Winter 2011. Rothstein-Fisch, C., & Trumbull, E. (2009). Managing Diverse Classrooms: How to Build on Students’ Cultural Strengths. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
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